{ "schemaVersion": "1.0", "item": { "slug": "backend-patterns", "name": "Backend Patterns", "source": "tencent", "type": "skill", "category": "开发工具", "sourceUrl": "https://clawhub.ai/charmmm718/backend-patterns", "canonicalUrl": "https://clawhub.ai/charmmm718/backend-patterns", "targetPlatform": "OpenClaw" }, "install": { "downloadMode": "redirect", "downloadUrl": "/downloads/backend-patterns", "sourceDownloadUrl": "https://wry-manatee-359.convex.site/api/v1/download?slug=backend-patterns", "sourcePlatform": "tencent", "targetPlatform": "OpenClaw", "installMethod": "Manual import", "extraction": "Extract archive", "prerequisites": [ "OpenClaw" ], "packageFormat": "ZIP package", "includedAssets": [ "SKILL.md" ], "primaryDoc": "SKILL.md", "quickSetup": [ "Download the package from Yavira.", "Extract the archive and review SKILL.md first.", "Import or place the package into your OpenClaw setup." ], "agentAssist": { "summary": "Hand the extracted package to your coding agent with a concrete install brief instead of figuring it out manually.", "steps": [ "Download the package from Yavira.", "Extract it into a folder your agent can access.", "Paste one of the prompts below and point your agent at the extracted folder." ], "prompts": [ { "label": "New install", "body": "I downloaded a skill package from Yavira. Read SKILL.md from the extracted folder and install it by following the included instructions. Tell me what you changed and call out any manual steps you could not complete." }, { "label": "Upgrade existing", "body": "I downloaded an updated skill package from Yavira. Read SKILL.md from the extracted folder, compare it with my current installation, and upgrade it while preserving any custom configuration unless the package docs explicitly say otherwise. Summarize what changed and any follow-up checks I should run." } ] }, "sourceHealth": { "source": "tencent", "slug": "backend-patterns", "status": "healthy", "reason": "direct_download_ok", "recommendedAction": "download", "checkedAt": "2026-04-30T09:12:15.189Z", "expiresAt": "2026-05-07T09:12:15.189Z", "httpStatus": 200, "finalUrl": "https://wry-manatee-359.convex.site/api/v1/download?slug=backend-patterns", "contentType": "application/zip", "probeMethod": "head", "details": { "probeUrl": "https://wry-manatee-359.convex.site/api/v1/download?slug=backend-patterns", "contentDisposition": "attachment; filename=\"backend-patterns-0.1.2.zip\"", "redirectLocation": null, "bodySnippet": null, "slug": "backend-patterns" }, "scope": "item", "summary": "Item download looks usable.", "detail": "Yavira can redirect you to the upstream package for this item.", "primaryActionLabel": "Download for OpenClaw", "primaryActionHref": "/downloads/backend-patterns" }, "validation": { "installChecklist": [ "Use the Yavira download entry.", "Review SKILL.md after the package is downloaded.", "Confirm the extracted package contains the expected setup assets." ], "postInstallChecks": [ "Confirm the extracted package includes the expected docs or setup files.", "Validate the skill or prompts are available in your target agent workspace.", "Capture any manual follow-up steps the agent could not complete." ] }, "downloadPageUrl": "https://openagent3.xyz/downloads/backend-patterns", "agentPageUrl": "https://openagent3.xyz/skills/backend-patterns/agent", "manifestUrl": "https://openagent3.xyz/skills/backend-patterns/agent.json", "briefUrl": "https://openagent3.xyz/skills/backend-patterns/agent.md" }, "agentAssist": { "summary": "Hand the extracted package to your coding agent with a concrete install brief instead of figuring it out manually.", "steps": [ "Download the package from Yavira.", "Extract it into a folder your agent can access.", "Paste one of the prompts below and point your agent at the extracted folder." ], "prompts": [ { "label": "New install", "body": "I downloaded a skill package from Yavira. Read SKILL.md from the extracted folder and install it by following the included instructions. Tell me what you changed and call out any manual steps you could not complete." }, { "label": "Upgrade existing", "body": "I downloaded an updated skill package from Yavira. Read SKILL.md from the extracted folder, compare it with my current installation, and upgrade it while preserving any custom configuration unless the package docs explicitly say otherwise. Summarize what changed and any follow-up checks I should run." } ] }, "documentation": { "source": "clawhub", "primaryDoc": "SKILL.md", "sections": [ { "title": "Backend Development Patterns", "body": "Backend architecture patterns and best practices for scalable server-side applications." }, { "title": "RESTful API Structure", "body": "// ✅ Resource-based URLs\nGET /api/markets # List resources\nGET /api/markets/:id # Get single resource\nPOST /api/markets # Create resource\nPUT /api/markets/:id # Replace resource\nPATCH /api/markets/:id # Update resource\nDELETE /api/markets/:id # Delete resource\n\n// ✅ Query parameters for filtering, sorting, pagination\nGET /api/markets?status=active&sort=volume&limit=20&offset=0" }, { "title": "Repository Pattern", "body": "// Abstract data access logic\ninterface MarketRepository {\n findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise\n findById(id: string): Promise\n create(data: CreateMarketDto): Promise\n update(id: string, data: UpdateMarketDto): Promise\n delete(id: string): Promise\n}\n\nclass SupabaseMarketRepository implements MarketRepository {\n async findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise {\n let query = supabase.from('markets').select('*')\n\n if (filters?.status) {\n query = query.eq('status', filters.status)\n }\n\n if (filters?.limit) {\n query = query.limit(filters.limit)\n }\n\n const { data, error } = await query\n\n if (error) throw new Error(error.message)\n return data\n }\n\n // Other methods...\n}" }, { "title": "Service Layer Pattern", "body": "// Business logic separated from data access\nclass MarketService {\n constructor(private marketRepo: MarketRepository) {}\n\n async searchMarkets(query: string, limit: number = 10): Promise {\n // Business logic\n const embedding = await generateEmbedding(query)\n const results = await this.vectorSearch(embedding, limit)\n\n // Fetch full data\n const markets = await this.marketRepo.findByIds(results.map(r => r.id))\n\n // Sort by similarity\n return markets.sort((a, b) => {\n const scoreA = results.find(r => r.id === a.id)?.score || 0\n const scoreB = results.find(r => r.id === b.id)?.score || 0\n return scoreA - scoreB\n })\n }\n\n private async vectorSearch(embedding: number[], limit: number) {\n // Vector search implementation\n }\n}" }, { "title": "Middleware Pattern", "body": "// Request/response processing pipeline\nexport function withAuth(handler: NextApiHandler): NextApiHandler {\n return async (req, res) => {\n const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '')\n\n if (!token) {\n return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' })\n }\n\n try {\n const user = await verifyToken(token)\n req.user = user\n return handler(req, res)\n } catch (error) {\n return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid token' })\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Usage\nexport default withAuth(async (req, res) => {\n // Handler has access to req.user\n})" }, { "title": "Query Optimization", "body": "// ✅ GOOD: Select only needed columns\nconst { data } = await supabase\n .from('markets')\n .select('id, name, status, volume')\n .eq('status', 'active')\n .order('volume', { ascending: false })\n .limit(10)\n\n// ❌ BAD: Select everything\nconst { data } = await supabase\n .from('markets')\n .select('*')" }, { "title": "N+1 Query Prevention", "body": "// ❌ BAD: N+1 query problem\nconst markets = await getMarkets()\nfor (const market of markets) {\n market.creator = await getUser(market.creator_id) // N queries\n}\n\n// ✅ GOOD: Batch fetch\nconst markets = await getMarkets()\nconst creatorIds = markets.map(m => m.creator_id)\nconst creators = await getUsers(creatorIds) // 1 query\nconst creatorMap = new Map(creators.map(c => [c.id, c]))\n\nmarkets.forEach(market => {\n market.creator = creatorMap.get(market.creator_id)\n})" }, { "title": "Transaction Pattern", "body": "async function createMarketWithPosition(\n marketData: CreateMarketDto,\n positionData: CreatePositionDto\n) {\n // Use Supabase transaction\n const { data, error } = await supabase.rpc('create_market_with_position', {\n market_data: marketData,\n position_data: positionData\n })\n\n if (error) throw new Error('Transaction failed')\n return data\n}\n\n// SQL function in Supabase\nCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION create_market_with_position(\n market_data jsonb,\n position_data jsonb\n)\nRETURNS jsonb\nLANGUAGE plpgsql\nAS $$\nBEGIN\n -- Start transaction automatically\n INSERT INTO markets VALUES (market_data);\n INSERT INTO positions VALUES (position_data);\n RETURN jsonb_build_object('success', true);\nEXCEPTION\n WHEN OTHERS THEN\n -- Rollback happens automatically\n RETURN jsonb_build_object('success', false, 'error', SQLERRM);\nEND;\n$$;" }, { "title": "Redis Caching Layer", "body": "class CachedMarketRepository implements MarketRepository {\n constructor(\n private baseRepo: MarketRepository,\n private redis: RedisClient\n ) {}\n\n async findById(id: string): Promise {\n // Check cache first\n const cached = await this.redis.get(`market:${id}`)\n\n if (cached) {\n return JSON.parse(cached)\n }\n\n // Cache miss - fetch from database\n const market = await this.baseRepo.findById(id)\n\n if (market) {\n // Cache for 5 minutes\n await this.redis.setex(`market:${id}`, 300, JSON.stringify(market))\n }\n\n return market\n }\n\n async invalidateCache(id: string): Promise {\n await this.redis.del(`market:${id}`)\n }\n}" }, { "title": "Cache-Aside Pattern", "body": "async function getMarketWithCache(id: string): Promise {\n const cacheKey = `market:${id}`\n\n // Try cache\n const cached = await redis.get(cacheKey)\n if (cached) return JSON.parse(cached)\n\n // Cache miss - fetch from DB\n const market = await db.markets.findUnique({ where: { id } })\n\n if (!market) throw new Error('Market not found')\n\n // Update cache\n await redis.setex(cacheKey, 300, JSON.stringify(market))\n\n return market\n}" }, { "title": "Centralized Error Handler", "body": "class ApiError extends Error {\n constructor(\n public statusCode: number,\n public message: string,\n public isOperational = true\n ) {\n super(message)\n Object.setPrototypeOf(this, ApiError.prototype)\n }\n}\n\nexport function errorHandler(error: unknown, req: Request): Response {\n if (error instanceof ApiError) {\n return NextResponse.json({\n success: false,\n error: error.message\n }, { status: error.statusCode })\n }\n\n if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {\n return NextResponse.json({\n success: false,\n error: 'Validation failed',\n details: error.errors\n }, { status: 400 })\n }\n\n // Log unexpected errors\n console.error('Unexpected error:', error)\n\n return NextResponse.json({\n success: false,\n error: 'Internal server error'\n }, { status: 500 })\n}\n\n// Usage\nexport async function GET(request: Request) {\n try {\n const data = await fetchData()\n return NextResponse.json({ success: true, data })\n } catch (error) {\n return errorHandler(error, request)\n }\n}" }, { "title": "Retry with Exponential Backoff", "body": "async function fetchWithRetry(\n fn: () => Promise,\n maxRetries = 3\n): Promise {\n let lastError: Error\n\n for (let i = 0; i < maxRetries; i++) {\n try {\n return await fn()\n } catch (error) {\n lastError = error as Error\n\n if (i < maxRetries - 1) {\n // Exponential backoff: 1s, 2s, 4s\n const delay = Math.pow(2, i) * 1000\n await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay))\n }\n }\n }\n\n throw lastError!\n}\n\n// Usage\nconst data = await fetchWithRetry(() => fetchFromAPI())" }, { "title": "JWT Token Validation", "body": "import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken'\n\ninterface JWTPayload {\n userId: string\n email: string\n role: 'admin' | 'user'\n}\n\nexport function verifyToken(token: string): JWTPayload {\n try {\n const payload = jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET!) as JWTPayload\n return payload\n } catch (error) {\n throw new ApiError(401, 'Invalid token')\n }\n}\n\nexport async function requireAuth(request: Request) {\n const token = request.headers.get('authorization')?.replace('Bearer ', '')\n\n if (!token) {\n throw new ApiError(401, 'Missing authorization token')\n }\n\n return verifyToken(token)\n}\n\n// Usage in API route\nexport async function GET(request: Request) {\n const user = await requireAuth(request)\n\n const data = await getDataForUser(user.userId)\n\n return NextResponse.json({ success: true, data })\n}" }, { "title": "Role-Based Access Control", "body": "type Permission = 'read' | 'write' | 'delete' | 'admin'\n\ninterface User {\n id: string\n role: 'admin' | 'moderator' | 'user'\n}\n\nconst rolePermissions: Record = {\n admin: ['read', 'write', 'delete', 'admin'],\n moderator: ['read', 'write', 'delete'],\n user: ['read', 'write']\n}\n\nexport function hasPermission(user: User, permission: Permission): boolean {\n return rolePermissions[user.role].includes(permission)\n}\n\nexport function requirePermission(permission: Permission) {\n return (handler: (request: Request, user: User) => Promise) => {\n return async (request: Request) => {\n const user = await requireAuth(request)\n\n if (!hasPermission(user, permission)) {\n throw new ApiError(403, 'Insufficient permissions')\n }\n\n return handler(request, user)\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Usage - HOF wraps the handler\nexport const DELETE = requirePermission('delete')(\n async (request: Request, user: User) => {\n // Handler receives authenticated user with verified permission\n return new Response('Deleted', { status: 200 })\n }\n)" }, { "title": "Simple In-Memory Rate Limiter", "body": "class RateLimiter {\n private requests = new Map()\n\n async checkLimit(\n identifier: string,\n maxRequests: number,\n windowMs: number\n ): Promise {\n const now = Date.now()\n const requests = this.requests.get(identifier) || []\n\n // Remove old requests outside window\n const recentRequests = requests.filter(time => now - time < windowMs)\n\n if (recentRequests.length >= maxRequests) {\n return false // Rate limit exceeded\n }\n\n // Add current request\n recentRequests.push(now)\n this.requests.set(identifier, recentRequests)\n\n return true\n }\n}\n\nconst limiter = new RateLimiter()\n\nexport async function GET(request: Request) {\n const ip = request.headers.get('x-forwarded-for') || 'unknown'\n\n const allowed = await limiter.checkLimit(ip, 100, 60000) // 100 req/min\n\n if (!allowed) {\n return NextResponse.json({\n error: 'Rate limit exceeded'\n }, { status: 429 })\n }\n\n // Continue with request\n}" }, { "title": "Simple Queue Pattern", "body": "class JobQueue {\n private queue: T[] = []\n private processing = false\n\n async add(job: T): Promise {\n this.queue.push(job)\n\n if (!this.processing) {\n this.process()\n }\n }\n\n private async process(): Promise {\n this.processing = true\n\n while (this.queue.length > 0) {\n const job = this.queue.shift()!\n\n try {\n await this.execute(job)\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Job failed:', error)\n }\n }\n\n this.processing = false\n }\n\n private async execute(job: T): Promise {\n // Job execution logic\n }\n}\n\n// Usage for indexing markets\ninterface IndexJob {\n marketId: string\n}\n\nconst indexQueue = new JobQueue()\n\nexport async function POST(request: Request) {\n const { marketId } = await request.json()\n\n // Add to queue instead of blocking\n await indexQueue.add({ marketId })\n\n return NextResponse.json({ success: true, message: 'Job queued' })\n}" }, { "title": "Structured Logging", "body": "interface LogContext {\n userId?: string\n requestId?: string\n method?: string\n path?: string\n [key: string]: unknown\n}\n\nclass Logger {\n log(level: 'info' | 'warn' | 'error', message: string, context?: LogContext) {\n const entry = {\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),\n level,\n message,\n ...context\n }\n\n console.log(JSON.stringify(entry))\n }\n\n info(message: string, context?: LogContext) {\n this.log('info', message, context)\n }\n\n warn(message: string, context?: LogContext) {\n this.log('warn', message, context)\n }\n\n error(message: string, error: Error, context?: LogContext) {\n this.log('error', message, {\n ...context,\n error: error.message,\n stack: error.stack\n })\n }\n}\n\nconst logger = new Logger()\n\n// Usage\nexport async function GET(request: Request) {\n const requestId = crypto.randomUUID()\n\n logger.info('Fetching markets', {\n requestId,\n method: 'GET',\n path: '/api/markets'\n })\n\n try {\n const markets = await fetchMarkets()\n return NextResponse.json({ success: true, data: markets })\n } catch (error) {\n logger.error('Failed to fetch markets', error as Error, { requestId })\n return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal error' }, { status: 500 })\n }\n}\n\nRemember: Backend patterns enable scalable, maintainable server-side applications. Choose patterns that fit your complexity level." } ], "body": "Backend Development Patterns\n\nBackend architecture patterns and best practices for scalable server-side applications.\n\nAPI Design Patterns\nRESTful API Structure\n// ✅ Resource-based URLs\nGET /api/markets # List resources\nGET /api/markets/:id # Get single resource\nPOST /api/markets # Create resource\nPUT /api/markets/:id # Replace resource\nPATCH /api/markets/:id # Update resource\nDELETE /api/markets/:id # Delete resource\n\n// ✅ Query parameters for filtering, sorting, pagination\nGET /api/markets?status=active&sort=volume&limit=20&offset=0\n\nRepository Pattern\n// Abstract data access logic\ninterface MarketRepository {\n findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise\n findById(id: string): Promise\n create(data: CreateMarketDto): Promise\n update(id: string, data: UpdateMarketDto): Promise\n delete(id: string): Promise\n}\n\nclass SupabaseMarketRepository implements MarketRepository {\n async findAll(filters?: MarketFilters): Promise {\n let query = supabase.from('markets').select('*')\n\n if (filters?.status) {\n query = query.eq('status', filters.status)\n }\n\n if (filters?.limit) {\n query = query.limit(filters.limit)\n }\n\n const { data, error } = await query\n\n if (error) throw new Error(error.message)\n return data\n }\n\n // Other methods...\n}\n\nService Layer Pattern\n// Business logic separated from data access\nclass MarketService {\n constructor(private marketRepo: MarketRepository) {}\n\n async searchMarkets(query: string, limit: number = 10): Promise {\n // Business logic\n const embedding = await generateEmbedding(query)\n const results = await this.vectorSearch(embedding, limit)\n\n // Fetch full data\n const markets = await this.marketRepo.findByIds(results.map(r => r.id))\n\n // Sort by similarity\n return markets.sort((a, b) => {\n const scoreA = results.find(r => r.id === a.id)?.score || 0\n const scoreB = results.find(r => r.id === b.id)?.score || 0\n return scoreA - scoreB\n })\n }\n\n private async vectorSearch(embedding: number[], limit: number) {\n // Vector search implementation\n }\n}\n\nMiddleware Pattern\n// Request/response processing pipeline\nexport function withAuth(handler: NextApiHandler): NextApiHandler {\n return async (req, res) => {\n const token = req.headers.authorization?.replace('Bearer ', '')\n\n if (!token) {\n return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' })\n }\n\n try {\n const user = await verifyToken(token)\n req.user = user\n return handler(req, res)\n } catch (error) {\n return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid token' })\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Usage\nexport default withAuth(async (req, res) => {\n // Handler has access to req.user\n})\n\nDatabase Patterns\nQuery Optimization\n// ✅ GOOD: Select only needed columns\nconst { data } = await supabase\n .from('markets')\n .select('id, name, status, volume')\n .eq('status', 'active')\n .order('volume', { ascending: false })\n .limit(10)\n\n// ❌ BAD: Select everything\nconst { data } = await supabase\n .from('markets')\n .select('*')\n\nN+1 Query Prevention\n// ❌ BAD: N+1 query problem\nconst markets = await getMarkets()\nfor (const market of markets) {\n market.creator = await getUser(market.creator_id) // N queries\n}\n\n// ✅ GOOD: Batch fetch\nconst markets = await getMarkets()\nconst creatorIds = markets.map(m => m.creator_id)\nconst creators = await getUsers(creatorIds) // 1 query\nconst creatorMap = new Map(creators.map(c => [c.id, c]))\n\nmarkets.forEach(market => {\n market.creator = creatorMap.get(market.creator_id)\n})\n\nTransaction Pattern\nasync function createMarketWithPosition(\n marketData: CreateMarketDto,\n positionData: CreatePositionDto\n) {\n // Use Supabase transaction\n const { data, error } = await supabase.rpc('create_market_with_position', {\n market_data: marketData,\n position_data: positionData\n })\n\n if (error) throw new Error('Transaction failed')\n return data\n}\n\n// SQL function in Supabase\nCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION create_market_with_position(\n market_data jsonb,\n position_data jsonb\n)\nRETURNS jsonb\nLANGUAGE plpgsql\nAS $$\nBEGIN\n -- Start transaction automatically\n INSERT INTO markets VALUES (market_data);\n INSERT INTO positions VALUES (position_data);\n RETURN jsonb_build_object('success', true);\nEXCEPTION\n WHEN OTHERS THEN\n -- Rollback happens automatically\n RETURN jsonb_build_object('success', false, 'error', SQLERRM);\nEND;\n$$;\n\nCaching Strategies\nRedis Caching Layer\nclass CachedMarketRepository implements MarketRepository {\n constructor(\n private baseRepo: MarketRepository,\n private redis: RedisClient\n ) {}\n\n async findById(id: string): Promise {\n // Check cache first\n const cached = await this.redis.get(`market:${id}`)\n\n if (cached) {\n return JSON.parse(cached)\n }\n\n // Cache miss - fetch from database\n const market = await this.baseRepo.findById(id)\n\n if (market) {\n // Cache for 5 minutes\n await this.redis.setex(`market:${id}`, 300, JSON.stringify(market))\n }\n\n return market\n }\n\n async invalidateCache(id: string): Promise {\n await this.redis.del(`market:${id}`)\n }\n}\n\nCache-Aside Pattern\nasync function getMarketWithCache(id: string): Promise {\n const cacheKey = `market:${id}`\n\n // Try cache\n const cached = await redis.get(cacheKey)\n if (cached) return JSON.parse(cached)\n\n // Cache miss - fetch from DB\n const market = await db.markets.findUnique({ where: { id } })\n\n if (!market) throw new Error('Market not found')\n\n // Update cache\n await redis.setex(cacheKey, 300, JSON.stringify(market))\n\n return market\n}\n\nError Handling Patterns\nCentralized Error Handler\nclass ApiError extends Error {\n constructor(\n public statusCode: number,\n public message: string,\n public isOperational = true\n ) {\n super(message)\n Object.setPrototypeOf(this, ApiError.prototype)\n }\n}\n\nexport function errorHandler(error: unknown, req: Request): Response {\n if (error instanceof ApiError) {\n return NextResponse.json({\n success: false,\n error: error.message\n }, { status: error.statusCode })\n }\n\n if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {\n return NextResponse.json({\n success: false,\n error: 'Validation failed',\n details: error.errors\n }, { status: 400 })\n }\n\n // Log unexpected errors\n console.error('Unexpected error:', error)\n\n return NextResponse.json({\n success: false,\n error: 'Internal server error'\n }, { status: 500 })\n}\n\n// Usage\nexport async function GET(request: Request) {\n try {\n const data = await fetchData()\n return NextResponse.json({ success: true, data })\n } catch (error) {\n return errorHandler(error, request)\n }\n}\n\nRetry with Exponential Backoff\nasync function fetchWithRetry(\n fn: () => Promise,\n maxRetries = 3\n): Promise {\n let lastError: Error\n\n for (let i = 0; i < maxRetries; i++) {\n try {\n return await fn()\n } catch (error) {\n lastError = error as Error\n\n if (i < maxRetries - 1) {\n // Exponential backoff: 1s, 2s, 4s\n const delay = Math.pow(2, i) * 1000\n await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay))\n }\n }\n }\n\n throw lastError!\n}\n\n// Usage\nconst data = await fetchWithRetry(() => fetchFromAPI())\n\nAuthentication & Authorization\nJWT Token Validation\nimport jwt from 'jsonwebtoken'\n\ninterface JWTPayload {\n userId: string\n email: string\n role: 'admin' | 'user'\n}\n\nexport function verifyToken(token: string): JWTPayload {\n try {\n const payload = jwt.verify(token, process.env.JWT_SECRET!) as JWTPayload\n return payload\n } catch (error) {\n throw new ApiError(401, 'Invalid token')\n }\n}\n\nexport async function requireAuth(request: Request) {\n const token = request.headers.get('authorization')?.replace('Bearer ', '')\n\n if (!token) {\n throw new ApiError(401, 'Missing authorization token')\n }\n\n return verifyToken(token)\n}\n\n// Usage in API route\nexport async function GET(request: Request) {\n const user = await requireAuth(request)\n\n const data = await getDataForUser(user.userId)\n\n return NextResponse.json({ success: true, data })\n}\n\nRole-Based Access Control\ntype Permission = 'read' | 'write' | 'delete' | 'admin'\n\ninterface User {\n id: string\n role: 'admin' | 'moderator' | 'user'\n}\n\nconst rolePermissions: Record = {\n admin: ['read', 'write', 'delete', 'admin'],\n moderator: ['read', 'write', 'delete'],\n user: ['read', 'write']\n}\n\nexport function hasPermission(user: User, permission: Permission): boolean {\n return rolePermissions[user.role].includes(permission)\n}\n\nexport function requirePermission(permission: Permission) {\n return (handler: (request: Request, user: User) => Promise) => {\n return async (request: Request) => {\n const user = await requireAuth(request)\n\n if (!hasPermission(user, permission)) {\n throw new ApiError(403, 'Insufficient permissions')\n }\n\n return handler(request, user)\n }\n }\n}\n\n// Usage - HOF wraps the handler\nexport const DELETE = requirePermission('delete')(\n async (request: Request, user: User) => {\n // Handler receives authenticated user with verified permission\n return new Response('Deleted', { status: 200 })\n }\n)\n\nRate Limiting\nSimple In-Memory Rate Limiter\nclass RateLimiter {\n private requests = new Map()\n\n async checkLimit(\n identifier: string,\n maxRequests: number,\n windowMs: number\n ): Promise {\n const now = Date.now()\n const requests = this.requests.get(identifier) || []\n\n // Remove old requests outside window\n const recentRequests = requests.filter(time => now - time < windowMs)\n\n if (recentRequests.length >= maxRequests) {\n return false // Rate limit exceeded\n }\n\n // Add current request\n recentRequests.push(now)\n this.requests.set(identifier, recentRequests)\n\n return true\n }\n}\n\nconst limiter = new RateLimiter()\n\nexport async function GET(request: Request) {\n const ip = request.headers.get('x-forwarded-for') || 'unknown'\n\n const allowed = await limiter.checkLimit(ip, 100, 60000) // 100 req/min\n\n if (!allowed) {\n return NextResponse.json({\n error: 'Rate limit exceeded'\n }, { status: 429 })\n }\n\n // Continue with request\n}\n\nBackground Jobs & Queues\nSimple Queue Pattern\nclass JobQueue {\n private queue: T[] = []\n private processing = false\n\n async add(job: T): Promise {\n this.queue.push(job)\n\n if (!this.processing) {\n this.process()\n }\n }\n\n private async process(): Promise {\n this.processing = true\n\n while (this.queue.length > 0) {\n const job = this.queue.shift()!\n\n try {\n await this.execute(job)\n } catch (error) {\n console.error('Job failed:', error)\n }\n }\n\n this.processing = false\n }\n\n private async execute(job: T): Promise {\n // Job execution logic\n }\n}\n\n// Usage for indexing markets\ninterface IndexJob {\n marketId: string\n}\n\nconst indexQueue = new JobQueue()\n\nexport async function POST(request: Request) {\n const { marketId } = await request.json()\n\n // Add to queue instead of blocking\n await indexQueue.add({ marketId })\n\n return NextResponse.json({ success: true, message: 'Job queued' })\n}\n\nLogging & Monitoring\nStructured Logging\ninterface LogContext {\n userId?: string\n requestId?: string\n method?: string\n path?: string\n [key: string]: unknown\n}\n\nclass Logger {\n log(level: 'info' | 'warn' | 'error', message: string, context?: LogContext) {\n const entry = {\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),\n level,\n message,\n ...context\n }\n\n console.log(JSON.stringify(entry))\n }\n\n info(message: string, context?: LogContext) {\n this.log('info', message, context)\n }\n\n warn(message: string, context?: LogContext) {\n this.log('warn', message, context)\n }\n\n error(message: string, error: Error, context?: LogContext) {\n this.log('error', message, {\n ...context,\n error: error.message,\n stack: error.stack\n })\n }\n}\n\nconst logger = new Logger()\n\n// Usage\nexport async function GET(request: Request) {\n const requestId = crypto.randomUUID()\n\n logger.info('Fetching markets', {\n requestId,\n method: 'GET',\n path: '/api/markets'\n })\n\n try {\n const markets = await fetchMarkets()\n return NextResponse.json({ success: true, data: markets })\n } catch (error) {\n logger.error('Failed to fetch markets', error as Error, { requestId })\n return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Internal error' }, { status: 500 })\n }\n}\n\n\nRemember: Backend patterns enable scalable, maintainable server-side applications. Choose patterns that fit your complexity level." }, "trust": { "sourceLabel": "tencent", "provenanceUrl": "https://clawhub.ai/charmmm718/backend-patterns", "publisherUrl": "https://clawhub.ai/charmmm718/backend-patterns", "owner": "charmmm718", "version": "0.1.2", "license": null, "verificationStatus": "Indexed source record" }, "links": { "detailUrl": "https://openagent3.xyz/skills/backend-patterns", "downloadUrl": "https://openagent3.xyz/downloads/backend-patterns", "agentUrl": "https://openagent3.xyz/skills/backend-patterns/agent", "manifestUrl": "https://openagent3.xyz/skills/backend-patterns/agent.json", "briefUrl": "https://openagent3.xyz/skills/backend-patterns/agent.md" } }