Requirements
- Target platform
- OpenClaw
- Install method
- Manual import
- Extraction
- Extract archive
- Prerequisites
- OpenClaw
- Primary doc
- SKILL.md
Query, design, migrate, and optimize SQL databases. Use when working with SQLite, PostgreSQL, or MySQL — schema design, writing queries, creating migrations, indexing, backup/restore, and debugging slow queries. No ORMs required.
Query, design, migrate, and optimize SQL databases. Use when working with SQLite, PostgreSQL, or MySQL — schema design, writing queries, creating migrations, indexing, backup/restore, and debugging slow queries. No ORMs required.
Hand the extracted package to your coding agent with a concrete install brief instead of figuring it out manually.
I downloaded a skill package from Yavira. Read SKILL.md from the extracted folder and install it by following the included instructions. Tell me what you changed and call out any manual steps you could not complete.
I downloaded an updated skill package from Yavira. Read SKILL.md from the extracted folder, compare it with my current installation, and upgrade it while preserving any custom configuration unless the package docs explicitly say otherwise. Summarize what changed and any follow-up checks I should run.
Work with relational databases directly from the command line. Covers SQLite, PostgreSQL, and MySQL with patterns for schema design, querying, migrations, indexing, and operations.
Creating or modifying database schemas Writing complex queries (joins, aggregations, window functions, CTEs) Building migration scripts Optimizing slow queries with indexes and EXPLAIN Backing up and restoring databases Quick data exploration with SQLite (zero setup)
SQLite is included with Python and available on every system. Use it for local data, prototyping, and single-file databases.
# Create/open a database sqlite3 mydb.sqlite # Import CSV directly sqlite3 mydb.sqlite ".mode csv" ".import data.csv mytable" "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable;" # One-liner queries sqlite3 mydb.sqlite "SELECT * FROM users WHERE created_at > '2026-01-01' LIMIT 10;" # Export to CSV sqlite3 -header -csv mydb.sqlite "SELECT * FROM orders;" > orders.csv # Interactive mode with headers and columns sqlite3 -header -column mydb.sqlite
-- Create table CREATE TABLE users ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE, name TEXT NOT NULL, created_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now')), updated_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now')) ); -- Create with foreign key CREATE TABLE orders ( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, user_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, total REAL NOT NULL CHECK(total >= 0), status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending' CHECK(status IN ('pending','paid','shipped','cancelled')), created_at TEXT DEFAULT (datetime('now')) ); -- Add column ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN phone TEXT; -- Create index CREATE INDEX idx_orders_user_id ON orders(user_id); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_users_email ON users(email); -- View schema .schema users .tables
# Connect psql -h localhost -U myuser -d mydb # Connection string psql "postgresql://user:pass@localhost:5432/mydb?sslmode=require" # Run single query psql -h localhost -U myuser -d mydb -c "SELECT NOW();" # Run SQL file psql -h localhost -U myuser -d mydb -f migration.sql # List databases psql -l
-- Use UUIDs for distributed-friendly primary keys CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS "uuid-ossp"; CREATE TABLE users ( id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4(), email TEXT NOT NULL, name TEXT NOT NULL, password_hash TEXT NOT NULL, role TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'user' CHECK(role IN ('user','admin','moderator')), created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(), updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(), CONSTRAINT users_email_unique UNIQUE(email) ); -- Auto-update updated_at CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION update_modified_column() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$ BEGIN NEW.updated_at = NOW(); RETURN NEW; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; CREATE TRIGGER update_users_modtime BEFORE UPDATE ON users FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION update_modified_column(); -- Enum type (PostgreSQL-specific) CREATE TYPE order_status AS ENUM ('pending', 'paid', 'shipped', 'delivered', 'cancelled'); CREATE TABLE orders ( id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4(), user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE, status order_status NOT NULL DEFAULT 'pending', total NUMERIC(10,2) NOT NULL CHECK(total >= 0), metadata JSONB DEFAULT '{}', created_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW() ); -- Partial index (only index active orders — smaller, faster) CREATE INDEX idx_orders_active ON orders(user_id, created_at) WHERE status NOT IN ('delivered', 'cancelled'); -- GIN index for JSONB queries CREATE INDEX idx_orders_metadata ON orders USING GIN(metadata);
-- Store JSON INSERT INTO orders (user_id, total, metadata) VALUES ('...', 99.99, '{"source": "web", "coupon": "SAVE10", "items": [{"sku": "A1", "qty": 2}]}'); -- Query JSON fields SELECT * FROM orders WHERE metadata->>'source' = 'web'; SELECT * FROM orders WHERE metadata->'items' @> '[{"sku": "A1"}]'; SELECT metadata->>'coupon' AS coupon, COUNT(*) FROM orders GROUP BY 1; -- Update JSON field UPDATE orders SET metadata = jsonb_set(metadata, '{source}', '"mobile"') WHERE id = '...';
mysql -h localhost -u root -p mydb mysql -h localhost -u root -p -e "SELECT NOW();" mydb
-- Auto-increment (not SERIAL) CREATE TABLE users ( id BIGINT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE, name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4; -- JSON type (MySQL 5.7+) CREATE TABLE orders ( id BIGINT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, user_id BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, metadata JSON, FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE ); -- Query JSON SELECT * FROM orders WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(metadata, '$.source') = 'web'; -- Or shorthand: SELECT * FROM orders WHERE metadata->>'$.source' = 'web';
-- Inner join (only matching rows) SELECT u.name, o.total, o.status FROM users u INNER JOIN orders o ON o.user_id = u.id WHERE o.created_at > '2026-01-01'; -- Left join (all users, even without orders) SELECT u.name, COUNT(o.id) AS order_count, COALESCE(SUM(o.total), 0) AS total_spent FROM users u LEFT JOIN orders o ON o.user_id = u.id GROUP BY u.id, u.name; -- Self-join (find users with same email domain) SELECT a.name, b.name, SPLIT_PART(a.email, '@', 2) AS domain FROM users a JOIN users b ON SPLIT_PART(a.email, '@', 2) = SPLIT_PART(b.email, '@', 2) WHERE a.id < b.id;
-- Group by with having SELECT status, COUNT(*) AS cnt, SUM(total) AS revenue FROM orders GROUP BY status HAVING COUNT(*) > 10 ORDER BY revenue DESC; -- Running total (window function) SELECT date, revenue, SUM(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY date) AS cumulative_revenue FROM daily_sales; -- Rank within groups SELECT user_id, total, RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY user_id ORDER BY total DESC) AS rank FROM orders; -- Moving average (last 7 entries) SELECT date, revenue, AVG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY date ROWS BETWEEN 6 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS ma_7 FROM daily_sales;
-- Readable multi-step queries WITH monthly_revenue AS ( SELECT DATE_TRUNC('month', created_at) AS month, SUM(total) AS revenue FROM orders WHERE status = 'paid' GROUP BY 1 ), growth AS ( SELECT month, revenue, LAG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY month) AS prev_revenue, ROUND((revenue - LAG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY month)) / NULLIF(LAG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY month), 0) * 100, 1) AS growth_pct FROM monthly_revenue ) SELECT * FROM growth ORDER BY month; -- Recursive CTE (org chart / tree traversal) WITH RECURSIVE org_tree AS ( SELECT id, name, manager_id, 0 AS depth FROM employees WHERE manager_id IS NULL UNION ALL SELECT e.id, e.name, e.manager_id, t.depth + 1 FROM employees e JOIN org_tree t ON e.manager_id = t.id ) SELECT REPEAT(' ', depth) || name AS org_chart FROM org_tree ORDER BY depth, name;
#!/bin/bash # migrate.sh - Run numbered SQL migration files DB_URL="${1:?Usage: migrate.sh <db-url>}" MIGRATIONS_DIR="./migrations" # Create tracking table psql "$DB_URL" -c "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS schema_migrations ( version TEXT PRIMARY KEY, applied_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW() );" # Run pending migrations in order for file in $(ls "$MIGRATIONS_DIR"/*.sql | sort); do version=$(basename "$file" .sql) already=$(psql "$DB_URL" -tAc "SELECT 1 FROM schema_migrations WHERE version='$version';") if [ "$already" = "1" ]; then echo "SKIP: $version (already applied)" continue fi echo "APPLY: $version" psql "$DB_URL" -f "$file" && \ psql "$DB_URL" -c "INSERT INTO schema_migrations (version) VALUES ('$version');" || { echo "FAILED: $version" exit 1 } done echo "All migrations applied."
migrations/ 001_create_users.sql 002_create_orders.sql 003_add_users_phone.sql 004_add_orders_metadata_index.sql Each file: -- 003_add_users_phone.sql -- Up ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN phone TEXT; -- To reverse: ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN phone;
-- Show query plan EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = '...' AND status = 'paid'; -- Show actual execution times EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS, FORMAT TEXT) SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = '...' AND status = 'paid'; What to look for: Seq Scan on large tables → needs an index Nested Loop with large row counts → consider Hash Join (may need more work_mem) Rows Removed by Filter being high → index doesn't cover the filter Actual rows far from estimated → run ANALYZE tablename; to update statistics
-- Single column (most common) CREATE INDEX idx_orders_user_id ON orders(user_id); -- Composite (for queries filtering on both columns) CREATE INDEX idx_orders_user_status ON orders(user_id, status); -- Column ORDER matters: put equality filters first, range filters last -- Covering index (includes data columns to avoid table lookup) CREATE INDEX idx_orders_covering ON orders(user_id, status) INCLUDE (total, created_at); -- Partial index (smaller, faster — only index what you query) CREATE INDEX idx_orders_pending ON orders(user_id) WHERE status = 'pending'; -- Check unused indexes SELECT schemaname, tablename, indexname, idx_scan FROM pg_stat_user_indexes WHERE idx_scan = 0 AND indexname NOT LIKE '%pkey%' ORDER BY pg_relation_size(indexrelid) DESC;
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = 5; -- Look for: SCAN (bad) vs SEARCH USING INDEX (good)
# Full dump (custom format, compressed) pg_dump -Fc -h localhost -U myuser mydb > backup.dump # Restore pg_restore -h localhost -U myuser -d mydb --clean --if-exists backup.dump # SQL dump (portable, readable) pg_dump -h localhost -U myuser mydb > backup.sql # Dump specific tables pg_dump -h localhost -U myuser -t users -t orders mydb > partial.sql # Copy table to CSV psql -c "\copy (SELECT * FROM users) TO 'users.csv' CSV HEADER"
# Backup (just copy the file, but use .backup for consistency) sqlite3 mydb.sqlite ".backup backup.sqlite" # Dump to SQL sqlite3 mydb.sqlite .dump > backup.sql # Restore from SQL sqlite3 newdb.sqlite < backup.sql
# Dump mysqldump -h localhost -u root -p mydb > backup.sql # Restore mysql -h localhost -u root -p mydb < backup.sql
Always use parameterized queries in application code — never concatenate user input into SQL Use TIMESTAMPTZ (not TIMESTAMP) in PostgreSQL for timezone-aware dates Set PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL; in SQLite for concurrent read performance Use EXPLAIN before deploying any query that runs on large tables PostgreSQL: \d+ tablename shows columns, indexes, and size. \di+ lists all indexes with sizes For quick data exploration, import any CSV into SQLite: sqlite3 :memory: ".mode csv" ".import file.csv t" "SELECT ..."
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