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Web Design

CSS implementation patterns for layout, typography, color, spacing, and responsive design. Complements ui-design (fundamentals) with code-focused examples.

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CSS implementation patterns for layout, typography, color, spacing, and responsive design. Complements ui-design (fundamentals) with code-focused examples.

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  1. Download the package from Yavira.
  2. Extract the archive and review SKILL.md first.
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Requirements

Target platform
OpenClaw
Install method
Manual import
Extraction
Extract archive
Prerequisites
OpenClaw
Primary doc
SKILL.md

Package facts

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Package format
ZIP package
Source platform
Tencent SkillHub
What's included
README.md, SKILL.md

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I downloaded a skill package from Yavira. Read SKILL.md from the extracted folder and install it by following the included instructions. Then review README.md for any prerequisites, environment setup, or post-install checks. Tell me what you changed and call out any manual steps you could not complete.

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Trust & source

Release facts

Source
Tencent SkillHub
Verification
Indexed source record
Version
1.0.0

Documentation

ClawHub primary doc Primary doc: SKILL.md 20 sections Open source page

Web Design Patterns

CSS implementation patterns for production-grade interfaces. For design fundamentals and decision-making, see ui-design. This skill focuses on code. See also: ui-design for typography/color/spacing theory, frontend-design for creative aesthetics.

OpenClaw / Moltbot / Clawbot

npx clawhub@latest install web-design

Layout Principles

Use CSS Grid for two-dimensional layouts and Flexbox for one-dimensional flow. Choose the right tool for each context. Layout NeedToolWhyPage-level structureCSS Grid (grid-template-areas)Named regions, explicit row/column controlNavigation barsFlexboxSingle-axis alignment, spacing with gapCard gridsGrid (auto-fill / auto-fit)Responsive without media queriesCenteringGrid (place-items: center)Shortest, most reliable centeringSidebar + contentGrid (grid-template-columns: 250px 1fr)Proportional sizing with fixed sidebarStacking overlapsGrid + grid-area: 1/1Layer elements without position: absolute

Spatial Composition

Go beyond predictable layouts. Intentional asymmetry, overlapping elements, and grid-breaking accents create visual interest. Use grid stacking (grid-area: 1/1) instead of position: absolute for overlapping elements. Choose generous negative space for luxury/editorial aesthetics, or controlled density for data-rich interfaces โ€” the choice must be intentional.

Typography

Typography carries 90% of a design's personality. Choose fonts that match the interface's purpose. ContextDisplay Font DirectionBody Font DirectionExample PairingEditorial / magazineHigh-contrast serifNeutral humanist sansPlayfair Display + Source Sans 3SaaS dashboardGeometric sansMatching weight sansDM Sans + DM Mono (data)Creative portfolioExpressive displayClean readable sansSyne + OutfitE-commerce luxuryThin modern serifElegant sansCormorant Garamond + JostDeveloper toolingMonospace displayMonospace bodyJetBrains Mono + IBM Plex Mono

Type Scale

Use a consistent ratio. A 1.25 (major third) scale works for most interfaces: text-xs 0.64rem, text-sm 0.8rem, text-base 1rem, text-lg 1.25rem, text-xl 1.563rem, text-2xl 1.953rem, text-3xl 2.441rem, text-4xl 3.052rem. Set body text to 1rem (16px minimum), line-height 1.5 for body, 1.1โ€“1.2 for headings. Limit line length to 60โ€“75ch.

Building a Palette

Every palette needs five functional roles: RolePurposeExample UsagePrimaryBrand identity, primary actionsButtons, links, active statesNeutralText, borders, backgroundsBody text, cards, dividersAccentSecondary actions, highlightsTags, badges, secondary buttonsSuccess / Warning / ErrorSemantic feedbackToasts, form validation, statusSurfaceLayered backgroundsCards on page, modals on overlay

Contrast and Depth

Create depth through surface layering, not just shadows: :root { --surface-0: hsl(220 15% 8%); /* page background */ --surface-1: hsl(220 15% 12%); /* card */ --surface-2: hsl(220 15% 16%); /* raised element */ --surface-3: hsl(220 15% 20%); /* popover / modal */ } Use HSL or OKLCH for perceptually uniform color manipulation. Dominant color with sharp accents outperforms evenly-distributed palettes. Always verify WCAG contrast: 4.5:1 for normal text, 3:1 for large text.

Spacing

Consistent spacing creates rhythm. Use an 8px base unit (or 4px for dense UIs): TokenValueUse--space-10.25rem (4px)Inline icon gaps, tight padding--space-20.5rem (8px)Input padding, compact lists--space-30.75rem (12px)Button padding, card inner spacing--space-41rem (16px)Default element spacing--space-61.5rem (24px)Section padding, card gaps--space-82rem (32px)Section separation--space-123rem (48px)Major section breaks--space-164rem (64px)Page-level vertical rhythm Apply spacing consistently: use gap on Grid/Flexbox containers instead of margins on children. This eliminates margin-collapse bugs and simplifies responsive adjustments.

Visual Hierarchy

Guide the eye through deliberate contrast in size, weight, color, and space.

Hierarchy Techniques

TechniqueHowImpactSize contrastHero heading 3โ€“4x body sizeImmediate focal pointWeight contrastBold headings + regular bodyScannabilityColor contrastPrimary text vs muted secondaryInformation layeringSpatial groupingTight spacing within groups, wide betweenGestalt proximityElevationShadows / surface layersInteractive affordanceWhitespace isolationEmpty space around key elementEmphasis through absence

Practical Pattern โ€” Card Hierarchy

Layer hierarchy within cards: eyebrow (xs, uppercase, muted) โ†’ title (xl, semibold) โ†’ body (base, secondary color, 1.6 line-height) โ†’ action (spaced apart with margin-top). Use surface color for separation and consistent padding from spacing tokens.

Breakpoint Strategy

BreakpointTargetApproach< 640pxMobileSingle column, stacked navigation, touch targets โ‰ฅ 44px640โ€“1024pxTabletTwo-column options, collapsible sidebars1024โ€“1440pxDesktopFull layout, hover interactions enabled> 1440pxWideMax-width container (1280px), prevent ultra-wide line lengths

Fluid Techniques

Prefer fluid sizing over rigid breakpoints where possible: /* Fluid typography โ€” scales between 640px and 1440px viewport */ h1 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 1.5rem + 2.5vw, 3.5rem); } /* Fluid spacing */ section { padding-block: clamp(2rem, 1rem + 4vw, 6rem); } /* Intrinsic grid โ€” no media queries needed */ .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 20rem), 1fr)); gap: var(--space-6); } Use container queries (@container) for component-level responsiveness when a component's layout should respond to its container, not the viewport.

Accessibility

Accessibility is not optional. Build it in from the start. RequirementImplementationStandardColor contrast4.5:1 normal text, 3:1 large text / UIWCAG 2.1 AAKeyboard navigationAll interactive elements focusable and operableWCAG 2.1.1Focus indicatorsVisible :focus-visible ring, 2px+ offsetWCAG 2.4.7Semantic HTMLUse <button>, <nav>, <main>, <article> etc.WCAG 1.3.1Alt textDescriptive for informational images, alt="" for decorativeWCAG 1.1.1Motion safetyRespect prefers-reduced-motionWCAG 2.3.3Touch targetsMinimum 44ร—44px interactive areasWCAG 2.5.8ARIA when neededaria-label, aria-live, role only when native semantics insufficientWCAG 4.1.2 /* Robust focus indicator */ :focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--color-primary); outline-offset: 2px; } /* Respect motion preferences */ @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: 0.01ms !important; transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; } }

Anatomy of a Well-Designed Component

Every UI component should have clear states, consistent spacing, and predictable behavior: StateVisual TreatmentExampleDefaultBase stylingButton at restHoverSubtle shift โ€” background, shadow, or scalebackground lightens 5-10%Active / PressedCompressed feel โ€” reduced shadow, slight insettransform: scale(0.98)FocusHigh-visibility ring, no outline removal:focus-visible ringDisabledReduced opacity, cursor: not-allowedopacity: 0.5LoadingSpinner or skeleton, disabled interactionInline spinner replacing label

Design Token Architecture

Structure tokens in three layers for maintainability: /* Layer 1: Primitive values */ --blue-500: oklch(0.55 0.2 250); --gray-100: oklch(0.95 0.005 250); --radius-md: 0.5rem; /* Layer 2: Semantic aliases */ --color-primary: var(--blue-500); --color-surface: var(--gray-100); --radius-button: var(--radius-md); /* Layer 3: Component-specific */ --btn-bg: var(--color-primary); --btn-radius: var(--radius-button); --btn-padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-4); This three-layer approach allows theme switching by remapping Layer 2 without touching components.

Motion and Animation

Use motion to communicate state changes, not to decorate. Focus on high-impact moments: InteractionDurationEasingPurposeButton hover150msease-outAcknowledge interactionModal open250msease-outDraw attentionModal close200msease-inQuick dismissalPage transition300msease-in-outMaintain spatial contextStagger reveal50โ€“80ms delay per itemease-outSequential content loadingMicro-feedback100msease-outToggle, checkbox, switch /* Staggered entrance animation */ .stagger-item { opacity: 0; translate: 0 1rem; animation: reveal 0.5s ease-out forwards; } .stagger-item:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: 0ms; } .stagger-item:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 60ms; } .stagger-item:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 120ms; } @keyframes reveal { to { opacity: 1; translate: 0 0; } }

Scroll-Driven Effects

Use native animation-timeline: scroll() (behind @supports) for parallax and reveal effects without JavaScript. Wrap in feature detection to gracefully degrade.

Design Quality Checklist

Before shipping, verify against these criteria: Typography: Intentional font pairing, consistent scale, readable line lengths Color: Cohesive palette, WCAG contrast met, semantic feedback colors defined Spacing: Consistent rhythm using spacing tokens, no ad-hoc pixel values Hierarchy: Clear visual flow โ€” eye path follows intended reading order Responsiveness: Tested at mobile, tablet, desktop; no horizontal overflow Accessibility: Keyboard navigable, focus visible, screen-reader tested, motion-safe States: All interactive elements have hover, active, focus, disabled, and loading states Personality: Design has a clear point-of-view โ€” not generic template aesthetic Performance: Images optimized, fonts subset, animations GPU-accelerated (transform, opacity) Dark mode: If supported, surfaces use layered lightness, not inverted colors

Category context

Code helpers, APIs, CLIs, browser automation, testing, and developer operations.

Source: Tencent SkillHub

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Package contents

Included in package
2 Docs
  • SKILL.md Primary doc
  • README.md Docs